(mysql.info) charset-national

 
 10.3.6 National Character Set
 -----------------------------
 
 Standard SQL defines `NCHAR' or `NATIONAL CHAR' as a way to indicate
 that a `CHAR' column should use some predefined character set. MySQL
 5.0 uses `utf8' as this predefined character set. For example, these
 data type declarations are equivalent:
 
      CHAR(10) CHARACTER SET utf8
      NATIONAL CHARACTER(10)
      NCHAR(10)
 
 As are these:
 
      VARCHAR(10) CHARACTER SET utf8
      NATIONAL VARCHAR(10)
      NCHAR VARCHAR(10)
      NATIONAL CHARACTER VARYING(10)
      NATIONAL CHAR VARYING(10)
 
 You can use `N'LITERAL'' to create a string in the national character
 set. These two statements are equivalent:
 
      SELECT N'some text';
      SELECT _utf8'some text';
 
 For information on upgrading character sets to MySQL 5.0 from versions
 prior to 4.1, see the `MySQL 3.23, 4.0, 4.1 Reference Manual'.

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