(mysql.info) datetime
Info Catalog
(mysql.info) date-and-time-types
(mysql.info) date-and-time-types
(mysql.info) time
11.3.1 The `DATETIME', `DATE', and `TIMESTAMP' Types
----------------------------------------------------
Menu
* timestamp-4-1 `TIMESTAMP' Properties as of MySQL 4.1
The `DATETIME', `DATE', and `TIMESTAMP' types are related. This section
describes their characteristics, how they are similar, and how they
differ.
The `DATETIME' type is used when you need values that contain both date
and time information. MySQL retrieves and displays `DATETIME' values in
`'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS'' format. The supported range is `'1000-01-01
00:00:00'' to `'9999-12-31 23:59:59''. (`Supported' means that
although earlier values might work, there is no guarantee)
The `DATE' type is used when you need only a date value, without a time
part. MySQL retrieves and displays `DATE' values in `'YYYY-MM-DD''
format. The supported range is `'1000-01-01'' to `'9999-12-31''.
The `TIMESTAMP' data type has varying properties, depending on the
MySQL version and the SQL mode the server is running in. These
properties are described later in this section.
You can specify `DATETIME', `DATE', and `TIMESTAMP' values using any of
a common set of formats:
* As a string in either `'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS'' or `'YY-MM-DD
HH:MM:SS'' format. A `relaxed' syntax is allowed: Any punctuation
character may be used as the delimiter between date parts or time
parts. For example, `'98-12-31 11:30:45'', `'98.12.31 11+30+45'',
`'98/12/31 11*30*45'', and `'98@12@31 11^30^45'' are equivalent.
* As a string in either `'YYYY-MM-DD'' or `'YY-MM-DD'' format. A
`relaxed' syntax is allowed here, too. For example, `'98-12-31'',
`'98.12.31'', `'98/12/31'', and `'98@12@31'' are equivalent.
* As a string with no delimiters in either `'YYYYMMDDHHMMSS'' or
`'YYMMDDHHMMSS'' format, provided that the string makes sense as a
date. For example, `'19970523091528'' and `'970523091528'' are
interpreted as `'1997-05-23 09:15:28'', but `'971122129015'' is
illegal (it has a nonsensical minute part) and becomes `'0000-00-00
00:00:00''.
* As a string with no delimiters in either `'YYYYMMDD'' or `'YYMMDD''
format, provided that the string makes sense as a date. For
example, `'19970523'' and `'970523'' are interpreted as
`'1997-05-23'', but `'971332'' is illegal (it has nonsensical
month and day parts) and becomes `'0000-00-00''.
* As a number in either `YYYYMMDDHHMMSS' or `YYMMDDHHMMSS' format,
provided that the number makes sense as a date. For example,
`19830905132800' and `830905132800' are interpreted as
`'1983-09-05 13:28:00''.
* As a number in either `YYYYMMDD' or `YYMMDD' format, provided that
the number makes sense as a date. For example, `19830905' and
`830905' are interpreted as `'1983-09-05''.
* As the result of a function that returns a value that is
acceptable in a `DATETIME', `DATE', or `TIMESTAMP' context, such
as `NOW()' or `CURRENT_DATE'.
Illegal `DATETIME', `DATE', or `TIMESTAMP' values are converted to the
`zero' value of the appropriate type (`'0000-00-00 00:00:00'' or
`'0000-00-00'').
For values specified as strings that include date part delimiters, it
is not necessary to specify two digits for month or day values that are
less than `10'. `'1979-6-9'' is the same as `'1979-06-09''. Similarly,
for values specified as strings that include time part delimiters, it
is not necessary to specify two digits for hour, minute, or second
values that are less than `10'. `'1979-10-30 1:2:3'' is the same as
`'1979-10-30 01:02:03''.
Values specified as numbers should be 6, 8, 12, or 14 digits long. If a
number is 8 or 14 digits long, it is assumed to be in `YYYYMMDD' or
`YYYYMMDDHHMMSS' format and that the year is given by the first 4
digits. If the number is 6 or 12 digits long, it is assumed to be in
`YYMMDD' or `YYMMDDHHMMSS' format and that the year is given by the
first 2 digits. Numbers that are not one of these lengths are
interpreted as though padded with leading zeros to the closest length.
Values specified as non-delimited strings are interpreted using their
length as given. If the string is 8 or 14 characters long, the year is
assumed to be given by the first 4 characters. Otherwise, the year is
assumed to be given by the first 2 characters. The string is
interpreted from left to right to find year, month, day, hour, minute,
and second values, for as many parts as are present in the string. This
means you should not use strings that have fewer than 6 characters. For
example, if you specify `'9903'', thinking that represents March, 1999,
MySQL inserts a `zero' date value into your table. This occurs because
the year and month values are `99' and `03', but the day part is
completely missing, so the value is not a legal date. However, you can
explicitly specify a value of zero to represent missing month or day
parts. For example, you can use `'990300'' to insert the value
`'1999-03-00''.
You can to some extent assign values of one date type to an object of a
different date type. However, there may be some alteration of the value
or loss of information:
* If you assign a `DATE' value to a `DATETIME' or `TIMESTAMP'
object, the time part of the resulting value is set to
`'00:00:00'' because the `DATE' value contains no time information.
* If you assign a `DATETIME' or `TIMESTAMP' value to a `DATE'
object, the time part of the resulting value is deleted because the
`DATE' type stores no time information.
* Remember that although `DATETIME', `DATE', and `TIMESTAMP' values
all can be specified using the same set of formats, the types do
not all have the same range of values. For example, `TIMESTAMP'
values cannot be earlier than `1970' or later than `2037'. This
means that a date such as `'1968-01-01'', while legal as a
`DATETIME' or `DATE' value, is not valid as a `TIMESTAMP' value
and is converted to `0'.
Be aware of certain pitfalls when specifying date values:
* The relaxed format allowed for values specified as strings can be
deceiving. For example, a value such as `'10:11:12'' might look
like a time value because of the ‘`:'’ delimiter, but if used
in a date context is interpreted as the year `'2010-11-12''. The
value `'10:45:15'' is converted to `'0000-00-00'' because `'45''
is not a legal month.
* As of 5.0.2, the server requires that month and day values be
legal, and not merely in the range 1 to 12 and 1 to 31,
respectively. With strict mode disabled, invalid dates such as
`'2004-04-31'' are converted to `'0000-00-00'' and a warning is
generated. With strict mode enabled, invalid dates generate an
error. To allow such dates, enable `ALLOW_INVALID_DATES'. See
server-sql-mode, for more information.
Before MySQL 5.0.2, the MySQL server performs only basic checking
on the validity of a date: The ranges for year, month, and day are
1000 to 9999, 00 to 12, and 00 to 31, respectively. Any date
containing parts not within these ranges is subject to conversion
to `'0000-00-00''. Please note that this still allows you to store
invalid dates such as `'2002-04-31''. To ensure that a date is
valid, you should perform a check in your application.
* Dates containing two-digit year values are ambiguous because the
century is unknown. MySQL interprets two-digit year values using
the following rules:
* Year values in the range `00-69' are converted to `2000-2069'.
* Year values in the range `70-99' are converted to `1970-1999'.
Info Catalog
(mysql.info) date-and-time-types
(mysql.info) date-and-time-types
(mysql.info) time
automatically generated byinfo2html