(mysql.info) environment-variable-options

 
 4.3.3 Using Environment Variables to Specify Options
 ----------------------------------------------------
 
 To specify an option using an environment variable, set the variable
 using the syntax appropriate for your command processor. For example,
 on Windows or NetWare, you can set the `USER' variable to specify your
 MySQL account name. To do so, use this syntax:
 
      SET USER=YOUR_NAME
 
 The syntax on Unix depends on your shell. Suppose that you want to
 specify the TCP/IP port number using the `MYSQL_TCP_PORT' variable.
 Typical syntax (such as for `sh', `bash', `zsh', and so on) is as
 follows:
 
      MYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306
      export MYSQL_TCP_PORT
 
 The first command sets the variable, and the `export' command exports
 the variable to the shell environment so that its value becomes
 accessible to MySQL and other processes.
 
 For `csh' and `tcsh', use `setenv' to make the shell variable available
 to the environment:
 
      setenv MYSQL_TCP_PORT 3306
 
 The commands to set environment variables can be executed at your
 command prompt to take effect immediately, but the settings persist
 only until you log out. To have the settings take effect each time you
 log in, place the appropriate command or commands in a startup file
 that your command interpreter reads each time it starts. Typical
 startup files are `AUTOEXEC.BAT' for Windows, `.bash_profile' for
 `bash', or `.tcshrc' for `tcsh'.  Consult the documentation for your
 command interpreter for specific details.
 
  environment-variables, lists all environment variables that
 affect MySQL program operation.

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