(mysql.info) privilege-changes
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5.8.7 When Privilege Changes Take Effect
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When `mysqld' starts, it reads all grant table contents into memory.
The in-memory tables become effective for access control at that point.
When the server reloads the grant tables, privileges for existing
client connections are affected as follows:
* Table and column privilege changes take effect with the client's
next request.
* Database privilege changes take effect at the next `USE DB_NAME'
statement.
* Changes to global privileges and passwords take effect the next
time the client connects.
If you modify the grant tables indirectly using statements such as
`GRANT', `REVOKE', or `SET PASSWORD', the server notices these changes
and loads the grant tables into memory again immediately.
If you modify the grant tables directly using statements such as
`INSERT', `UPDATE', or `DELETE', your changes have no effect on
privilege checking until you either restart the server or tell it to
reload the tables. To reload the grant tables manually, issue a `FLUSH
PRIVILEGES' statement or execute a `mysqladmin flush-privileges' or
`mysqladmin reload' command.
If you change the grant tables directly but forget to reload them, your
changes have _no effect_ until you restart the server. This may leave
you wondering why your changes do not seem to make any difference!
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(mysql.info) privilege-system
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