(mysql.info) charset-server

 
 10.3.1 Server Character Set and Collation
 -----------------------------------------
 
 MySQL Server has a server character set and a server collation.  These
 can be set at server startup and changed at runtime.
 
 Initially, the server character set and collation depend on the options
 that you use when you start `mysqld'.  You can use
 -character-set-server for the character set. Along with it, you can add
 -collation-server for the collation. If you don't specify a character
 set, that is the same as saying -character-set-server=latin1. If you
 specify only a character set (for example, `latin1') but not a
 collation, that is the same as saying -character-set-server=latin1
 -collation-server=latin1_swedish_ci because `latin1_swedish_ci' is the
 default collation for `latin1'. Therefore, the following three commands
 all have the same effect:
 
      shell> mysqld
      shell> mysqld --character-set-server=latin1
      shell> mysqld --character-set-server=latin1 \
                 --collation-server=latin1_swedish_ci
 
 One way to change the settings is by recompiling. If you want to change
 the default server character set and collation when building from
 sources, use: -with-charset and -with-collation as arguments for
 `configure'. For example:
 
      shell> ./configure --with-charset=latin1
 
 Or:
 
      shell> ./configure --with-charset=latin1 \
                 --with-collation=latin1_german1_ci
 
 Both `mysqld' and `configure' verify that the character set/collation
 combination is valid. If not, each program displays an error message
 and terminates.
 
 The current server character set and collation can be determined from
 the values of the `character_set_server' and `collation_server' system
 variables. These variables can be changed at runtime.
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